Birth defects are present at birth and are caused by genetic, environmental, or unknown factors. They may be present as a single problem (anomaly) or part of many problems (syndrome). Birth defects affect more than 3-6% babies in the Pakistan every year and pregnancies are affected with multiple birth defects (multiple anomalies) every year.

What is birth defects during pregnancy?

Birth defects are structural changes that occur while the baby is developing in the womb. These changes can involve any part of the body, including the brain, heart, and limbs. Birth defects can be mild or severe, and they may even be life-threatening.

Some birth defects can be prevented with early detection and treatment. However, not all birth defects can be prevented. Chughtai lab is one of the best Labs in Pakistan which offers online lab test facility to its customers.

Cranium Defects

One common sign of a birth defect is an abnormality in the shape of the head or skull. This can be anything from a small indentation to a large opening. If you notice any changes in the shape of your baby's head, it's important to bring it up with your doctor right away.

Heart Defects

One of the most common types of birth defects is a heart defect. Signs that your baby may have a heart defect include rapid breathing, bluish skin, and difficulty feeding. If you notice any of these signs, be sure to mention them to your doctor right away. Your doctor may order a chughtai test report to confirm the diagnosis.

Abdominal Defects

There are a number of abdominal defects that can occur during pregnancy. The most common include gastroschisis, omphalocele, and diaphragmatic hernia. These defects can be diagnosed prenatally with ultrasound. Chughtai lab in Lahore offers the best online lab test in Pakistan.

One common sign of a birth defect is a limb defect. This can manifest itself in a number of ways, including missing or deformed limbs. If you notice any abnormalities with your baby's limbs, it's important to get them checked out by a doctor as soon as possible.

Skeletal System Defects

The most common skeletal system defect is spina bifida, which is a birth defect in the spinal column. The spinal column is made up of bones (vertebrae) that protect the spinal cord. In spina bifida, the vertebrae do not form properly around the spinal cord, leaving it exposed. This can cause serious problems, including paralysis.

Bladder and Urinary Tract Defects

Some common urinary tract and bladder defects include:

- Hypospadias (urethra opening on the underside of the penis)

- Epispadas (urethra opening on the top side of the penis)

- Cryptorchidism (undescended testicles)

- Vesicoureteral reflux (urine flowing back up into the kidneys)

All of these conditions can be diagnosed with a simple urine test.

Endocrine System (Glands) Defects

The endocrine system is responsible for producing hormones that regulate the body. If there is a problem with the endocrine system, it can cause a variety of problems, including birth defects.

Eye, Ear, and Nose Related Birth Defects

There are a few different types of eye, ear, and nose-related birth defects that can occur. These include: microphthalmia (underdeveloped eyes), anophthalmia (absent eyes), coloboma (a hole in the iris), cleft palate (an opening in the roof of the mouth), and choanal atresia (a blockage in the nasal passages). Most of these defects can be detected through a simple physical examination by your doctor.

Birth Defect Syndromes

There are many different types of birth defects, and some are more common than others. Down syndrome is the most common chromosomal disorder, while neural tube defects are the most common type of structural defect. Some other common syndromes include congenital heart defects, cleft lip/palate, and spina bifida.